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In this essay, based on a key note presentation during the IUC 50th anniversary conference on fostering inclusive internationalisation, the necessity is explored of internationalisation and of inclusive internationalisation in research and education. It is argued that there is not such a thing as national science and that the global challenge we face only can be addressed through international cooperation. The present situation however is far from ideal and there are serious barriers and hurdles for inclusive internationalisation in scientific cooperation. At the same time there are promising counter strategies; related for instance to the Open Science movement, through changing funding schemes and, in particular, by concrete action of universities themselves.